Cómo se comunican las tareas importa: necesidades psicológicas y ser físicamente activo en Educación física / How task are communicated matters: psychological needs and being physically active in physical education

Este estudio está basado en la mini teoría de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas y tuvo por objetivo examinar las interrelaciones entre la calidad en la presentación de las tareas por parte del profesor de Educación física como un factor social, la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas como factores mediadores personales de los alumnos, y sus intenciones de ser físicamente activos como indicador de un hábito relacionado a la salud. La muestra consistió en 448 estudiantes (207 hombres y 241 mujeres; Medad = 10.58 años, DT = 0.54) de nivel primaria en la zona metropolitana de Monterrey, México. Los resultados obtenidos a través de un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales revelaron que la presentación de las tareas se asoció de manera positiva y significativa con la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, y esto a su vez, se asoció de la misma forma con las intenciones de ser físicamente activo. En conclusión, la calidad con la que el profesor comunique las tareas de aprendizaje juega un papel relevante para que sus estudiantes se perciban autónomos, competentes y relacionados, así como también, en sus deseos futuros por realizar actividad física (AU)

This study is based on the Mini-Theory of Basic Psychological Needs and aimed to examine the interrelationships between the quality of task presentation by the physical education teacher as a social factor, the satisfaction of basic psychological needs as personal mediating factors of the students, and their intentions to b physically active as an indicator of a health-related habit. The sample consisted of 448 students (207 males and 241 females; Mage = 10.58 years, SD = 0.54) from elementary school in the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Mexico. The results obtained through structural equation modeling revealed that task presentation was positively and significantly associated with the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and this, in turn, was similarly associated with intentions to be physically active. In conclusion, the quality with which the teacher communicates the learning tasks plays a relevant role in students' perception of themselves as autonomous, competent and related, as well as in their future desires to engage in physical activity (AU)

Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Planificación Contextualizada en la Educación Física / Propriedades Psicométricas da Escala de Planeamento Contextualizada em Educação Física / Psychometric properties of the Contextualized Planning Scale in Physical Education

La planificación del profesor debe responder al entorno en que se desarrolle el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. En ese sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar y validar al contexto mexicano el Cuestionario de Influencia en la Planificación en la Educación Física (CIPEF). Participaron 748 docentes de educación física de México (64.2% hombres), con una edad media de 38 años, quienes fueron divididos endos submuestras. Con la primera de ellas, se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio, que presentó un valor KMO de .869 y una esfericidad de Barlett de: c2= 9433.705; gl= 703; p< .001, y donde los ítems se agruparon en 10 factores (dos de ellos, añadidos para este estudio). Con la segunda submuestra, se realizaron análisis factoriales confirmatorios al modelo de 10 factores (c2/gl= 4.49; NNFI = .98; CFI = .98; RMSEA = .042) y aun modelo de segundo orden (c2/gl = 2.86; NNFI = .90; CFI = .93; RMSEA = .05). Ambos modelos presentaron índices de bondad de ajuste adecuados. Tras realizar el análisis de test-retest en una muestra independiente de 68 profesores de la misma área geográfica, se concluyó que la Escala de Planificación Contextualizada en la Educación Física es un instrumento válido, fiable y estandarizado que permite medir el grado de influencia que ejercen diversos factores sobre la planificación del profesor en el contexto mexicano. (AU)

The teacher's planning should respond to the environment in which the teaching-learning process takes place. In this sense, the objective of this study was to adapt and validate the Physical Education Planning Influence Questionnaire to the Mexican context. A total of 748 physical education teachers from Mexico (64.2% men), with a mean age of 38 years, participated in the study and were divided into two subsamples. With the first one, an exploratory factor analysis was performed, which presented a KMO value of .869 and a Barlett's sphericity of: c2= 9433.705; df= 703; p< .001, and where the items were grouped into 10 factors (two of them, added for this study). With the second subsample, confirmatory factor analyses were performed on the 10-factor model (c2/df= 4.49; NNFI = .98; CFI = .98; RMSEA = .042) and on a second-order model (c2/df= 2.86; NNFI = .90; CFI = .93; RMSEA = .05). Both models presented adequate goodness-of-fit indices. After performing the test-retest analysis on an independent sample of 68 teachers from the same geographical area, it was concluded that the Contextualized Planning Scale in Physical Education is a valid, reliable and standardized instrument that allows measuring the degree of influence exerted by various factors on the teacher's planning in the Mexican context. (AU)

O planeamento do professor deve responder ao ambiente em que o processo de ensino-aprendizagem tem lugar. Neste sentido, o objectivo deste estudo era adaptar e validar o CIPEF (Cuestionario de Influencia en la Planificación en la Educación Física) ao contexto mexicano. Um total de 748 professores de educação física do México (64,2% do sexo masculino), com uma idade média de 38 anos, participaram no estudo e foram divididos em duas subamostras. Com o primeiro, foi realizada uma análise de factores exploratórios, que apresentou um valor KMO de .869 e uma esfericidade de Barlett de: c2= 9433.705; gl= 703; p< .001, e onde os itens foramagrupados em 10 factores (dois deles, adicionados para este estudo). Com a segunda subamostra, foram realizadas análises de factores de confirmação no modelo de 10 factores (c2/gl= 4,49; NNFI = .98; CFI = .98; RMSEA = .042) e num modelo de segunda ordem (c2/gl= 2,86; NNFI = .90; CFI = .93; RMSEA = .05). Ambos os modelos apresentavam índices adequados de goodness-of-fit. Após a realização da análise de teste-reteste numa amostra independente de 68 professores da mesma área geográfica, concluiu-se que a Escala de Planeamento Contextualizada em Educação Física é um instrumento válido, fiável e padronizado que permite medir o grau de influência exercida por vários factores sobre o planeamento do professor no contexto mexicano. (AU)

Corrigendum: Quality of the Physical Education Teacher's Instruction in the Perspective of Self-Determination.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.708441.].

Quality of the Physical Education Teacher's Instruction in the Perspective of Self-Determination.

The teacher's instructions in physical education class have important implications for the psychological well-being of their students. The aim of this study was to analyze, under the postulates of the Self-Determination Theory (SDT), a model with the following sequence: the perception of the quality of the instructions (task presentation, amount of corrective feedback, and its legitimate perception) generated by the physical education teacher, the satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs and the subjective vitality in young students. The participants were 890 students (462 males and 428 females) of primary level from the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Mexico, between ages 11 and 13 (M = 11.36; SD = 0.49). The structural equation modeling showed positive and significant associations in all model interrelations, that is, task presentation and the amount of corrective feedback (B = 0.88, p < 0.001), and this in turn with legitimate perception (B = 0.81, p < 0.001); the legitimate perception of feedback and the satisfaction of the need for autonomy, competence, and relatedness (B = 0.63, p < 0.001; B = 0.90, p < 0.001; B = 1.01, p < 0.001, respectively); finally, the satisfaction of the three psychological needs and the subjective vitality (B = 0.12, p < 0.01; B = 0.43, p < 0.001; B = 0.24, p < 0.001, respectively). Therefore, the importance of a quality task presentation, as well as providing corrective feedback based on support for autonomy, is evident, so that students perceive it legitimately and thus facilitate the satisfaction of their basic psychological needs and in consequence, indicators of psychological well-being such as subjective vitality.

Students' Perceptions of Teachers' Corrective Feedback, Basic Psychological Needs and Subjective Vitality: A Multilevel Approach.

The way students perceive corrective feedback has repercussions on what they learn and think. Based on the self-determination theory, the aim of this study is to test a model of multilevel mediation that examines the relationships between the perception of corrective feedback with its degree of acceptance (perceived legitimacy) at the team level and the subjective vitality of students at the individual level, mediated by the satisfaction of the three psychological needs, in the context of physical education. The participants were 742 students aged between 10 and 13 years old (52.6% men, 47.4% women) in 29 physical education groups. The results of the multilevel structural equation modeling analysis found at the group (between) level a positive and significant relationship between corrective feedback and perceived legitimacy (B between = 0.49, p < 0.01), as well as a positive and significant relationship between perceived legitimacy and the needs of competence (B between = 0.66, p < 0.05) and relatedness (B between = 0.95, p < 0.01). In addition, there was a positive and significant association between competence and subjective vitality (B between = 2.06, p < 0.01), and a negative and significant association between relatedness and subjective vitality (B between = -0.85, p < 0.01). Also, on an individual (within) level, the needs of autonomy (B within = 0.09, p < 0.05), competence (B within = 0.27, p < 0.01), and relatedness (B within = 0.17, p < 0.01) were positively and significantly associated with subjective vitality. Finally, corrective feedback showed a positive indirect effect on subjective vitality through perceived legitimacy and competence, while the indirect effect was negative through perceived legitimacy and relatedness. In conclusion, on an individual level, students who perceive their basic psychological needs to be met in turn, increase their subjective vitality. At the group level, the results are discussed. These findings suggest that teachers might be best advised to ensure that their students accept corrective feedback, by having it couched in a manner that suggests that learning and improvement can follow, and communicated in an autonomy-supporting way.

Assessing the Relationship between Autonomy Support and Student Group Cohesion across Ibero-American Countries.

Teacher-endorsed supporting behaviors present themselves as key influencers of student adaptive academic and social functions. The objective of this paper was twofold. First, this study sought to test a model in which student-perceived autonomy support was associated with group cohesion, considering the mediating role of basic psychological needs satisfaction and intrinsic motivation. Second, the current study examined the dimensionality of the model across five Western countries, namely Spain, Portugal, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. A convenience sample of 3033 college students (Mage = 21.51 ± SD = 3.71) were recruited for the analysis. The results revealed that perceived autonomy support was positively associated with needs satisfaction, being consequently associated with intrinsic motivation and, ultimately, with group cohesion. Additionally, a multigroup analysis revealed that the model was invariant across college students from the different countries. The current results are discussed around the promotion of teacher uses of autonomy-supportive behaviors fostering adaptive outcomes in students regarding positive social relations and that the cultures of Ibero-American countries are equivalent in this process.

Presentación de las tareas proporcionado por el profesor, necesidades psicológicas y vitalidad subjetiva en alumnos de educación física / Task presentation provided by the teacher, psychological needs and subjective vitality in physical education students / Apresentação das tarefas fornecidas pelo profesor, das necesidades psicológicas e da vitalidade subjetiva dos alunos de educação física

Tomando como base la teoría de las necesidades psicológicas básicas (Deci y Ryan, 2002), en este estudio se examinó si la percepción que tiene el alumno de la presentación de las tareas por parte del profesor predice la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, y éstas a su vez predicen el bienestar (vitalidad subjetiva) de los alumnos en la sesión de educación física. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 515 niños (272 hombres [M = 11.28 años; DT = .49] y 243 mujeres [M = 11.36 años; DT = .48]) estudiantes de sexto grado de primaria (M = 11.32; DT = .48), que cumplimentaron los instrumentos que evaluaban las variables del estudio. Los resultados del análisis de ecuaciones estructurales indicaron que la presentación de las tareas actuó como predictor positivo de la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, y que éstas a su vez predijeron positivamente la vitalidad subjetiva. Los análisis de mediación indicaron que la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas medió parcialmente la relación entre la percepción que tiene el alumno de la presentación de las tareas por el profesor y el bienestar psicológico de los alumnos de educación física

Tendo como base a teoria das necessidades psicológicas básicas (Deci e Ryan, 2002), este estudo busca analisar se a percepção predefinida pelos alunos sobre a apresentação das atividades propostas pelo professor predizem à satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas, e estas por sua vez, definem o bem-estar (vitalidade subjetiva) dos alunos na aula de educação física. A amostra está conformada por 515 crianças (272 meninos [M = 11.28 anos; DT = .49] e 243 meninas[M = 11.32 anos; DT = .48]) estudantes de sexto ano da primária (M = 11.32 anos; DT = .48), que preencheram os instrumentos de avaliação das variáveis do estudo. Os resultados da análise de equações estruturais mostraram que a apresentação das atividades atuou como influenciador positivo da satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas e que estas, por sua vez, manifestaram-se positivamente frente a vitalidade subjetiva. As análises de mediação indicaram que a satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas mediu parcialmente a relação entre a percepção do aluno sobre a apresentação das tarefas pelo professor e o bem-estar psicológico dos alunos de educação física

Within the framework of basic psychological needs theory (Deci & Ryan, 2002), in this study we examined the students' perception of the coach's task presentation as a predictor of the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs, which in turn predicted psychological wellbeing (subjective vitality) of students in the physical education context. Participants were 515 children (272 men [M = 11.28 years; SD = .49] and 243 women [M = 11.32 years; SD = .48]) students in the sixth grade of primary school (M = 11.32 years, SD = .48), who completed the questionnaires measuring the study variables. Results of structural equation analyses showed that coach's task presentation positively predicted satisfaction of the basic psychological needs, which in turn positively predicted subjective vitality. Satisfaction of the basic psychological needs partially mediated the relationship between coach's task presentation and well-being of students in the physical education context